The current economic recovery – which can now be deemed an economic expansion, in my view – has no historical precedent. All economic recoveries and expansions look different, of course. But we have never seen such a deep economic collapse followed immediately by a boom of this magnitude. It’s a first-of-its-kind event.
Take the economic recoveries from the 1990-1991, 2001, and 2007-2009 recessions, for example. In each of those downturns, companies slowly resumed the hiring process, reluctant in many cases to grow the labor force when demand and growth were only trickling back to life. Unemployment in each case remained high for years after the recession.1
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Yes, all economic recoveries have looked different in the past. We are now witnessing a new event in the market, where an economic boom is occurring right after an extreme collapse.
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Not the case today. Our portfolio management and research teams at Zacks Investment Management see stories every day of businesses struggling to bring on new workers, with reported shortages all over the labor markets. In the early stages of an economic recovery, there are typically too many workers seeking too few jobs. The opposite is true today.
Other fundamentals point to a recovery of never-before-seen magnitude. The rate at which workers quit their jobs – which signals worker confidence in the labor market – is the highest since before the dot.com bubble burst. American household debt-service burdens are at their lowest level since at least 1980. Personal savings reached records during the pandemic. Home prices have jumped 14% since February 2020. Businesses are scrambling to bring more production online, often facing input shortages in the process.
Many ‘experts’ predicted the pandemic would take years to recover from, but the reality is the U.S. economy may surpass its pre-pandemic size by the end of this quarter.
I think it is important to examine why this recovery looks so different from previous recoveries. Here are two reasons.
1.Spurred by Event-Driven Forces, Not Cyclical Forces
Generally speaking, recessions historically are spurred by cyclical forces – rising interest rates, inflation, declining asset values, incomes, employment, or some structural issue in the credit markets, for example. Economic downturns tend to discourage consumers from spending and businesses from investing, exacerbating the weakness.
None of these conditions existed during the pandemic-induced (event-driven) recession and a bear market. Consumers and businesses went into defensive mode, but more out of fear of the virus versus fear that the economy was facing long-term damage. The federal government and the Federal Reserve provided extraordinary backstops, almost immediately, to keep businesses and consumers afloat. Many emerged stronger after the pandemic than before it.
There was a study performed in 2018 of New Orleans residents, in the years following Hurricane Katrina. The study examined individual tax returns and found that after a major hit initially, victims’ incomes recovered within a few years and even surpassed, on average, those of unaffected workers. In short, event-driven downturns can recover more quickly than cyclical downturns.
2. Households and Businesses Were in Good Shape in February 2020
Event-driven bear markets and recessions can cause serious economic damage if households and businesses are in weak financial shape when the crisis occurs. We’re seeing this outcome across much of the developing world. But here in the U.S., households and businesses were in solid economic shape going into the pandemic, which set the table for a rapid recovery once the event risk faded.
What’s more, Americans were able to save money in record amounts during the downturn, thanks to government stimulus payments combined with business closures that essentially forced savings. U.S. households were saving at an annualized rate of $2.8 trillion in April 2021, which is two times higher than the savings rate before the crisis. By comparison, the annualized savings rate was $734 billion in June 2009 (following the Great Recession). Accumulated savings today amount to a wall of consumer liquidity poised to power the expansion.
Balance sheets for households and businesses are also historically strong. For households, the delinquent share of outstanding debt fell to 3.1% in Q1 2021, which is the lowest rate since records began in 1999. The ratio was 11.1% in 2009.
Banks also had strong capital positions entering the crisis. The New York Federal Reserve estimates that financial institutions have loss-absorbing capital equal to 16.5% of risk-weighted assets, which again is the highest share in over 20 years. When banks are well-capitalized and in strong financial shape, they are generally in good condition to lend, which isgreat for the economy.
Bottom Line for Investors
Many have been (pleasantly) surprised by the robust economic recovery thus far, and it appears the issues in the economy today are more about supply falling short of demand, which is a good problem to have, in my view. These imbalances (jobs, supply chain issues) should work themselves out in time.
Perhaps there should have been little surprise that the U.S. economy could deliver such a strong rebound in such little time, for the two reasons I detailed above. The same goes for the stock market – many wondered how the stocks could have delivered such strong returns in the midst of the crisis last year. The economy today should offer a clear explanation.
As we move forward from here, my cautionary advice to investors would be that just as everyone starts to ignore or write off inflation for good, that’s when you should perk up and watch for rising inflation and rising interest rates. It could happen sooner than you think.
As the economy recovers it is essential that investors keep an eye on key data points that could impact their long-term investments. To help you do this, I am offering all readers our just-released Stock Market Outlook report. This report contains some of our key forecasts to consider such as:
If you have $500,000 or more to invest and want to learn more about these forecasts, click on the link below to get your free report today!
Disclosure