Private Client Group

July 21st, 2025

Tariffs Impact Economic Data, Fed Independence, US Budget Surplus In June

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In today’s Steady Investor, we break down the key forces driving market momentum and what could come next, including:

Are We Starting to See Signs of Tariff Pressure in Economic Data? For much of the year, the U.S. economy appeared resilient to rising tariffs. That may be starting to change. June’s inflation data came in largely as expected, with annual price growth at 2.7%. But some details in the report suggest trade policy is beginning to filter through to consumer prices, particularly in import-heavy categories like clothing, furniture, and core goods.Prices for core goods excluding autos rose at their fastest monthly pace in three years. Treasury markets took note, with the 30-year Treasury bond rising back above 5% for the first time since May.At the same time, overall economic performance remains sturdy. Consumer spending is still solid, and major banks just posted better-than-expected earnings. Still, household tariffs are now estimated to average 20.6%—the highest level since 1910. Economists at Yale’s Budget Lab estimate that resulting price increases could amount to a $2,800 hit to average annual household income, once import stockpiles are depleted and the full effect flows through.To be fair, however, not all inflation pressures are rising. Services inflation, especially in travel and lodging, has softened. That could give the Federal Reserve room to cut interest rates later this year, even if goods prices creep higher. But a more durable concern may lie in the potential for price hikes to become self-reinforcing, as firms find it easier to pass along costs in a normalized high-tariff environment.1

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‘Fed Independence’ Becomes a Focus for Markets – A new source of market risk may be emerging, but not from fundamental data like inflation or corporate earnings surprises. The risk lies in concerns over central bank independence. Reports that President Trump is considering firing Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell triggered a rise in long-term Treasury yields, stock market volatility, and a drop in the dollar, all signaling investor discomfort with potential political interference in monetary policy.President Trump has publicly downplayed the idea, calling it “highly unlikely,” while top administration officials insist a normal succession process is underway ahead of the Fed chair’s term expiration next May. But the rhetoric has grown more pointed recently, with the central bank criticized for interest rate decisions and building renovations.For investors, the broader concern is about precedent. A credible and independent Federal Reserve is viewed as essential to the stability of global markets. Treasurys and the U.S. dollar serve as foundational assets in global finance, and any perceived erosion in the Fed’s autonomy could have far-reaching consequences from higher long-term rates to increased volatility in equity and credit markets. Wall Street has been increasingly weighing-in on the issue, with CEOs from major financial institutions including JPMorgan, Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, and Citigroup issuing public statements defending the Fed’s independence. The consensus is that tampering with the central bank’s independent decision-making process risks driving up borrowing costs and damaging the credibility of U.S. policy more broadly.3

The U.S. Ran a Budget Surplus in June. Why It May Not Last – The U.S. government posted a $27 billion surplus in June, aided by a combination of strong tax receipts and a surge in tariff collections. But the headline number may overstate the evolving fiscal health of the government.Customs duties reached $27 billion last month, up sharply from $6 billion a year earlier, driven by new tariffs rolled out in April and May. On a year-to-date basis, customs revenue now totals $113 billion, an 86% increase from the same period in 2024. While this has added a meaningful bump to Treasury receipts, it is important to note that June is historically one of the government’s biggest revenue months, thanks to quarterly estimated tax payments from individuals and businesses.Looking across the full fiscal year, the federal deficit still totals $1.34 trillion through nine months, up slightly from the same period a year ago. Spending remains elevated, and net interest payments on the national debt have already reached $749 billion for the year, second only to Social Security outlays. Interest expenses are on track to exceed $1.2 trillion by the end of the fiscal year.Some administration officials have pointed to rising tariff income as evidence that new trade policies can offset deficits and potentially support tax cuts. But customs duties, while rising, still account for a small share of overall revenue roughly $300 billion on an annualized basis. That’s not enough to cover a $7 trillion budget, and any future trade slowdowns could erode that number quickly.4

Retire Smarter in 2025: Build a Portfolio That Holds Up in Any Market – With inflation lingering, new tariffs, and shaky market sentiment, protecting and growing your retirement savings has never been more critical.

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Disclosure

1 Wall Street Journal. July 15, 2025. https://www.wsj.com/economy/trump-effect-starts-to-show-up-in-economy-45c83c7a?mod=djemMoneyBeat_us

2 ZIM may amend or rescind the “7 Secrets to Building the Ultimate DIY Retirement Portfolio” guide for any reason and at ZIM’s discretion.

3 Wall Street Journal. July 16, 2025. https://www.wsj.com/economy/central-banking/trump-central-bank-political-pressure-powell-investors-9798c6a8?mod=economy_feat1_central-banking_pos2

4 CNBC. July 11, 2025. https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/11/treasury-posts-unexpected-surplus-in-june-as-tariff-receipts-surge.html

5 ZIM may amend or rescind the “7 Secrets to Building the Ultimate DIY Retirement Portfolio” guide for any reason and at ZIM’s discretion.

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